behind AotW

22 year old Private Charles A Trask of the 13th Massachusetts Infantry was mortally wounded in the lower abdomen by this chunk of iron at Antietam on 17 September 1862, and died about two weeks later in a hospital in Chambersburg, PA.

His record in the The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion [Volume 2, Part 2, p. 250] identifies this as from a spherical case shot, and notes

The original piece of shell taken from Private Trask and many other artifacts of Civil War medicine are now in the Anatomical Collections at the National Museum of Health and Medicine in Silver Spring, MD.

Henry Grove Bigelow was the 20 year old Sergeant Major of the 15th Massachusetts Infantry when he was seriously wounded at Antietam in September 1862, by a gunshot through his hip which shattered part of his pelvis.

He was at home recovering when he was appointed 2nd Lieutenant in October 1862 and still there when he was promoted to First Lieutenant in March 1863. He resigned his commission in August 1863, not yet able to walk well enough to keep up with his men.

This photograph is one of the thousands of images in the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS), Massachusetts Commandery photo albums. These are now at the US Army Heritage & Education Center in Carlisle, PA. This picture is from page 4930 of album 96.

Bold language is rare in military communications, so I thought I’d share this instance so both of my readers can enjoy it with me. It’s a clipping from the back of Captain Joseph E Knotts‘ letter of resignation of 14 November 1862. Knotts was Captain of Company K of the First (Hagood’s) South Carolina Infantry.

[touch the image to see the whole sheet]

The back of the letter includes the signatures of Knott’s higher chain of command – brigade commander Micah Jenkins (excerpted above); George Pickett, division; James Longstreet, army corps; and (I think) Robert Chilton, AA&IG on behalf of Robert E Lee, commanding the Army of Northern Virginia.

General Jenkins’ comment here hints at poor leadership in the regiment more generally during and after the Maryland Campaign – that of all three field officers (Col. Duncan, Lt. Col. Livingston, Maj. Grimes) and at least two of the senior Captains (Knotts and Stafford, Co. I).

Jenkins was not in Maryland on the Campaign, he’d been wounded at 2nd Manassas in August, and his brigade was commanded by senior colonel Joseph Walker of the Palmetto Sharpshooters. In his after-action report of 24 October 1862, Walker noted:

I regret, however, to be called upon again to refer to the conduct of a large portion of the officers and privates of the First Regiment South Carolina Volunteers in this battle in terms of censure. The commanding officer reports that the regiment entered the fight with 106 men, rank and file, lost 40 men killed and wounded, and at the close of the day but 15 enlisted men and 1 commissioned officer answered to their names. Such officers are a disgrace to the service and unworthy to wear a sword …

For more, see the regiment’s page and officers’ capsule bios over on AotW.

For a deeper dive, I recommend James R Hagood’s Memoirs of the First South Carolina Regiment of Volunteer Infantry … an unpublished manuscript he wrote shortly before his death in 1870. It’s online and downloadable [17MB pdf] from the University of South Carolina. JR Hagood was Sergeant Major and acting Adjutant of the regiment at Sharpsburg in 1862 and was appointed Colonel in November 1863 over half a dozen officers senior to him.

Knotts’ resignation letter is from his Compiled Service Records; I found it online from fold3 (subscription service). Here’s the useful part of the front of the page:

[touch to enlarge]

Brig. Gen. Jenkins’ comments transcribed:

Nov. 14, 1862
Capt. Knotts being totally useless as an officer, it is recommended that his resignation be accepted, & he be allowed to join the Ranks.
M. Jenkins
Brig. Genl.

Thanks to Jim Smith for locating Hagood’s manuscript, an excellent resource with details about the regiment, its officers, and individual casualties.