behind AotW

One of the founding partners of Pittsburgh’s Equitable Meter Company (sometime after 1883) was Civil War veteran Henry Holdship King, who was a cavalry Lieutenant and staff officer in 1862. He came to my attention as the man the mortally wounded Colonel James H Childs, 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry called to his side at Antietam on 17 September 1862.

This is Lieutenant King in August 1862, newly appointed acting Assistant Adjutant General on Colonel W.W. Averell’s brigade staff.

Henry King had a long and successful life, with careers as an oil man, lawyer, and manufacturer, in Denver, CO, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh, PA, where he grew up, the son of a similarly-minded entrepreneur.

Here’s his obituary from the New York Times of 4 October 1932 (touch to enlarge).

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The meter face pictured above was offered for sale on Etsy by MetalurgieVintage.

His August 1862 picture is from an Alexander Gardner group photograph of Averell and 3 of his officers, at the Library of Congress.

It’s generally known that at least hundreds, perhaps thousands of Confederate soldiers did not cross into Maryland with the rest of the Army of Northern Virginia in September 1862 due to being barefoot. Until now, I’ve not seen documentation of this for a named individual soldier.

Meet Henry M. Adams, Private, Company C, 2nd Mississippi Battalion.

Henry spent most of September, while his unit and the rest of the army were in Maryland, at the depot established for men and equipment at Winchester, VA.

He had enlisted in his hometown of Columbus, MS on 19 July 1861 with Captain Auguston Mizell, later the regiment’s Quartermaster, in what became Company C of the 2nd Infantry Battalion. By January 1863 the Battalion had grown to become the 48th Mississippi Infantry Regiment. He was wounded in May 1863 in action with them at Chancellorsville, VA and was in hospitals and on furlough home to about October 1863. He was in and out of Richmond, VA hospitals from 6 May 1864 with a gunshot-broken jaw, and never returned to his Company. He was retired to Company D, First Battalion, Invalid Corps, PACS in Meridian, MS in February 1865 with no later military record.

The document above, like the rest of the military information about Private Adams, comes from his Compiled Military Service Record file at the National Archives, online from fold3.

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Update: As I scrubbed through the CMSRs for the men of the 2nd Mississippi Infantry Battalion, I found other men of that unit documented as left behind for lack of shoes …

– Pvt George C Boyle, Co. C; afterward listed as AWOL to December 1862 with no later military record.

– Pvt William S. Mount, Co. H; “left at Leesburg bare footed.” Largely absent, sick or wounded through 1863; captured or surrendered in Vicksburg, MS in October 1863 (while on furlough?). Released from Alton Prison, IL on 6 April 1864 after taking oath of allegiance.

In a comment on an earlier post about the cavalry action at Quebec Schoolhouse near Middletown, MD on 13 September 1862, Amy Matzet offered a fascinating story about one of the participants – Thomas Groves Day – a Private in Company E of the 3rd Indiana Cavalry.

The short version is that Private Day lost his carbine during the fight, picked up a Confederate weapon to replace it, but soon after lost that to a Confederate Surgeon under a flag of truce. Amazingly, a young Middletown resident and battle witness had kept that same Confederate carbine since 1862 and happened to meet Day when he visited the area in 1899. Thomas Day took that weapon home to Indiana.

Ms Matzet has the details thanks to a scrapbook of family papers, clippings, and photographs handed down by her grandmother Hester Lucille Day Warfield. Hester was Thomas Day’s granddaughter. Thanks to them, I can show you two excellent artifacts of that story.

His photograph, in 1899, on a visit to Quebec Schoolhouse:

A transcription of an article in the Middletown Valley Register (1899) telling his battle story and events of that visit:

James Wilson Barnett was a Private in the 53rd Pennsylvania Infantry at Antietam in September 1862 but was First Lieutenant and Quartermaster of the 10th Regiment, US Colored Troops by February 1864. In October 1865, then Assistant Inspector General of the First Brigade, 3rd Division, 25th Army Corps at Corpus Christi, TX, he applied to a selection board for a commission in the Regular US Army [touch a page to enlarge]:

Although he did not receive a commission, this letter is an excellent summary of his war service.

Thanks to Ric Thomas for this, from his considerable collection of documents about J.W. Barnett; as a “youngster” Mr Thomas heard stories about Barnett from his daughter Nancy Elder Barnett (1875-1968).

I’ve been through thousands, perhaps tens of thousands of the cards which make up the Compiled Military Service Records (CMSR) for my guys. I’ve never seen a card like this one (transcription below).

It is from the CMSR jacket for Benjamin Franklin Taylor. He rose from Private to Colonel of the 2nd Maryland Infantry, USA from 1861 to 1865. The original CMSRs are at the National Archives. I got this digital copy online from fold3.

There are two possibilities here.

One: some wag (or the subject himself) entered this phony information in the original Regimental Descriptive Book for the 2nd Maryland, and the War Department clerk who created this card simply wrote down what he saw.

Two: the War Department clerk created the fictions himself.

I have not found a digital copy of 2nd Maryland’s Regimental Descriptive Book from the Maryland Archives, the National Archives, or fold3, so I can’t yet verify which is the case. I would not be surprised to learn it has not been digitized – the wisdom is that the fragile paper Descriptive Books have been literally transcribed on cards in the CMSRs, so no one really needs to see them.

Given that at least some of the the information on the card is correct, it’s plausible that this card is a true transcription from the Descriptive Book record. But it seems unlikely that the maintainers of the Descriptive Book – the regimental Adjutants (and there were at least 4 during the war) – would have let such obviously bad information stand.

But it’s equally hard for me to imagine the War Department clerk would insert green skin and blue hair, given the seriousness of his task. And no, screwer is not a legitimate 19th Century occupation. Could it have been momentary giddiness? Boredom? It’s also hard to believe a supervisory clerk didn’t catch it.

In either case, this is one heck of a CMSR card!

Drury Webb, the name at the bottom of the card, was Drury Edgar Webb (1864-1934) from Knox County, TN. According to the Official Register of the United States (for 1891, 1895, 1915) he was a clerk in the Record and Pension Division, US War Department in Washington, DC by 1891. He was in the Office of Auditor of the Post Office by 1895 and to at least 1915, and still a clerk in Government service in Washington at the US Census of 1920, then age 55.

Also, there were 13 Webbs from the Knoxville area in the 2nd (East) Tennessee Infantry (US) during the Civil War, one of them Samuel Webb (1833-1881), Drury’s father; in case you were wondering in which direction his sympathies may have leaned.

Incidentally, a collection of Drury’s c. 1910 photographs of Knoxville are in the Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection, Knoxville County, TN Public Library [finding aid]

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Transcription

T | 2 | Md.
Benj. F. Taylor
Co. B., 2 Reg’t Maryland Inf.

Appears on
Regimental Descriptive Book
of the regiment named above.

Description.

Age …. years; height …. feet …. inches.
Complexion green
Eyes grey ; hair blue
Where born On the Ocean, North pole
Occupation screwer

Enlistment
When Sept. 30, 186…
Where Baltimore
By Whom Capt. Brunner; term 3 y’rs.
Remarks …

Drury Webb
Copyist.

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National Archives sources:

The Regimental Descriptive Book: NARA Record Group 94: Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Regimental and Company Books of Civil War Volunteer Union Organizations, 1861–1867 (“Regimental Record Books”), Regimental and Company Books of the 2nd Maryland Infantry Regiment (NAID: 6340761) [finding aid].

CMSRs: NARA Record Group 94: Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Carded Records Showing Military Service of Soldiers Who Fought in Volunteer Organizations During the American Civil War, 1890–1912 (“Civil War CMSRs”), [Maryland] Taylor, Benjamin F – Age 23, Year: 1863 – Second Infantry, Af-Wi (NAID: 39425927) [finding aid]

Camp scene taken Alex. Va. 1865; Field, Staff & Line 2nd Md. A photograph among the Special Collections, University Libraries, University of Maryland, posted to flickr; original from the Maryland Historical Society.

Seated: 2nd Lt. Charles H. Boone (Co. A), Quartermaster Thomas H. Marshall, Capt. Frederick W. Heck (Co. K), Col. Benjamin Franklin Taylor, Lt. Col. James H. Wilson, Adjutant John Schwab, Surgeon James H. McCullough;
Standing: Capt. John M. Long (Co. G), Capt. Conrad Boettger (Co. H), Capt. Henry L.E. Premier (Co. D), Capt. James D. Loades (Co. C), Capt. John Sweeney (Co. B), Capt. Henry Sivel (Co. I), Lt. William Thomas (Co. D), Capt. George Hopf (Co. E).

Officers of Company A of the Second Vermont Volunteers; taken at Gaines’ House, near Mechanicsville, Virginia.

This small, faded photograph by George H. Houghton is online from the Bennington Museum; probably from the collection of the Vermont Historical Society. Based on the service/commissioning dates of these officers, it was taken between 21 May and 17 July 1862. The regiment was in camp at Gaines’ Mill between 22 and 24 May, so that’s a likely time.

Standing:
(1) Eugene Otis Cole (enl Sgt, CoA, 2nd Vermont Inf 7 May 1861, comm 2LT 21 May 1862; 1LT 17 Oct 1862, M.O. 29 June 1864; comm. Major 5th Vermont Inf 30 Jan 1865, Lt Colonel 9 June 1865, M.O. 29 June 1865)
(2) Charles Miller Bliss (Yale ’52; enl Sgt, CoA, 2nd Vermont Inf 7 May 1861, comm 2LT CoB 2 Sept 1861, disch 4 Oct 1862)
(3) William H. Cady (comm 2LT CoA, 2nd Vermont Inf 16 May 1861, 1LT 22 Jan 1862; Capt 21 May 1862, wnd 5 May 1864, M.O. 29 June 1864)
(4) William B. Robinson (enl Sgt CoG 1st Vermont Inf 2 May 1861, M.O. 15 Aug 1861; enl Sgt CoH 5th Vermont Inf 25 Aug 1861, comm 2LT CoK 19 April 1862, 1LT CoD 22 Oct 1862, Capt CoH 4 Dec 1862, disch wds 8 Aug 1864)
(5) Edward W Appleton (enl 1Sgt, CoA, 2nd Vermont Inf 7 May 1861, comm 2LT 14 Sept 1861; 1LT 25 Jan 1862, disch disability 25 Sept 1862)
(6) Newton Stone (comm 1LT, CoA, 2nd Vermont Inf 16 May 1861, Capt 22 Jan 1862, Major 8 Jan 1863, Lt Colonel 9 Feb 1863, Colonel 2 Apr 1864, KIA Wilderness 5 May 1864)

Seated:
(7) unidentified
(8) unidentified
(9) Abel K. Parsons (comm 1LT, CoA, 4th Vermont Inf 27 Aug 1861, detailed ADC to BGen Brooks 1 May 1862, KIA Cold Harbor 3 June 1864)
(10) James Hicks Walbridge (comm Capt, CoA, 2nd Vermont Inf 16 May 1861, Major 21 May 1862, Lt Colonel 8 Jan 1863, Colonel 9 Feb 1863, resigned 1 April 1864)
(11) Guilford Ladd (comm Adjutant 2nd Vermont Inf 11 June 1861, resigned 17 July 1862)

The 2nd Vermont Infantry, part of the Vermont Brigade (2nd of the 2nd Division, Sixth Army Corps), was in action at Crampton’s Gap on South Mountain on 14 September and arrived on the battlefield of Antietam about mid-day on 17 September, and was in reserve that afternoon and “on the skirmish line” the next day.

Most or all of the men in that photograph were probably in Maryland that September, but so far I only have specific evidence for two of them: Lieutenant Parsons (4th Vermont) served on the Brigade staff as aide to General W.T.H. Brooks, and Major Walbridge commanded the 2nd Vermont as senior officer present.

Antietam veteran Private John Savin Appleton was a student at the Free Military School for Applicants for Command of Colored Troops at 1210 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA in the summer of 1864, and afterward passed an examination by a board of officers in Washington, DC and was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant in the 31st United States Colored Troops.

The school was established in December 1863 to help alleviate a shortage of qualified officers for newly organizing USCT regiments and was run by Colonel John H Taggart, late of the 12th Pennsylvania Reserves. Lieutenant Appleton was one of more than one thousand successful graduates before the school closed at the end of 1864.

For much more about the history of the school, sponsored by the Philadelphia Supervisory Committee for Recruiting Colored Regiments, see Frederick M Binder’s Philadelphia’s Free Military School from the journal Pennsylvania History (October 1950) [Article PDF], online from the Pennsylvania State University.

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The image at the top is from the frontpiece of the 2nd edition of a pamphlet produced by the school as a recruiting tool; a digital copy is online from the Internet Archive.

Appleton’s 1864 orders are from his Compiled Service Records, online from fold3.

You should see what 1210 Chestnut Street looks like today [Dec 2022].

Thanks to Christy Centeno for sending along this clipping about Private Leander Arendt from the Cumberland, MD Civilian & Telegraph of 2 October 1862; she found it online in the Library of Congress’ Chronicling America collection.

This James F Gibson photograph of June 1862 is from the Library of Congress. Pictured left to right are: Lt. Henry Clay Meinell, Captain Horatio Gates Gibson, Lt. Edmund Pendleton, and Lt. William Duncan Fuller. The first three were together at Antietam in September that year.